The kind of sleep your patients are looking for.
Sleep parameters
In a clinical study comparing the effects of another 7.5 mg zolpidem dose with placebo, patients experienced decreased sleep latency, increased sleep efficiency, and increased sleep maintenance.2
| Variable | Placebo (n=102) | Zolpidem 7.5 mg (n=102) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean sleep latency (minutes) | ||
| Polysomnography | 27.1 ± 2.6* | 17.0 ± 1.4 (P<0.001)† |
| Patient assessment | 28.8 ± 3.0 | 18.9 ± 1.2 (P=0.009)* |
| Sleep efficiency‡ (measured by polysomnography) | 87.8 ± 3.0 | 91.7 ± 0.7 (P<0.001)† |
| Sleep maintenance (measured by polysomnography) | ||
| Number of awakenings | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.3 (P=0.004)† |
| Wake time during sleep (minutes) | 31.4 ± 3.1 | 21.2 ± 2.4 (P=0.004)† |
The 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg zolpidem results, along with overall P values, have been removed from the original version of this table. To view the original table, see Roth T, Roehrs T, Vogel G. Sleep. 1995;18(4):246-251. | *Data were unavailable for 1 patient. †Compared with placebo. ‡Sleep efficiency=total time asleep/time in bed. | |
Next-day performance and alertness
In the same clinical study comparing the effects of another 7.5 mg zolpidem dose with placebo, next-day performance test scores showed no statistically significant differences.2
| Variable | Placebo (n=102) | Zolpidem 7.5 mg (n=102) |
|---|---|---|
| Digit Symbol Substitution Test | 53.9 ± 1.6 | 54.3 ± 1.3 |
| Symbol Copying Test | 121.1 ± 2.7 | 119.1 ± 2.5 |
| Ability to concentrate§ | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 |
| Morning sleepiness¶ | 69.0 ± 2.3 | 64.0 ± 2.5 |
| Daytime sleepiness|| | 39.2% | 31.0% |
| Drugged feeling** | 85.6 ± 1.9 | 85.2 ± 2.0 |
The 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg zolpidem results, along with overall P values, have been removed from the original version of this table. To view the original table, see Roth T, Roehrs T, Vogel G. Sleep. 1995;18(4):246-251. | §1=excellent, 2=very good, 3=fair, 4=poor. ¶Not at all sleepy, 100=very sleepy. ||Percent responding yes. **0=very drugged, 100=not at all drugged. | |
In another study, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in performance of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test compared with placebo.1
Prescribing Zolpidem Tartrate 7.5 mg Capsules1
- Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules are only available in a 7.5 mg dose strength. Use another zolpidem tartrate product for 5 mg and 10 mg doses. Use the lowest effective dose for the patient
- In both males and females: If a 5 mg nightly dose of another zolpidem tartrate immediate-release product is not effective, the zolpidem tartrate dosage may be increased to Zolpidem Tartrate 7.5 mg Capsules once nightly or 10 mg once nightly of another zolpidem tartrate immediate-release product. The maximum recommended dosage of zolpidem tartrate immediate-release is 10 mg once nightly
- Zolpidem Tartrate 7.5 mg Capsules should not be taken with or immediately after a meal
- Avoid use of Zolpidem Tartrate 7.5 mg Capsules in geriatric patients
For additional dosage, administration, and safety information about Zolpidem Tartrate 7.5 mg Capsules, click here for the Full Prescribing Information.
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Important safety information
INDICATION FOR USE
Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules are indicated for the short-term treatment of transient insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation in adults younger than 65 years of age.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules are contraindicated in patients
- who have experienced complex sleep behaviors after taking zolpidem
- with known hypersensitivity to zolpidem. Observed reactions include anaphylaxis and angioedema.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
CNS-Depressant Effects and Next-Day Impairment
- Zolpidem tartrate has CNS-depressant effects and coadministration with other CNS depressants increases the risk. Dosage adjustments of zolpidem tartrate and of other concomitant CNS depressants may be necessary. The use of Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules with other sedative-hypnotics at bedtime or the middle of the night is not recommended.
- The risk of next-day psychomotor impairment, including impaired driving, is increased if Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules are taken with less than a full night of sleep remaining (7 to 8 hours); if a higher than the recommended dosage is taken; if coadministered with other CNS depressants or alcohol; or if coadministered with other drugs that increase the blood levels of zolpidem. Patients should be warned against driving and other activities requiring complete mental alertness if Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules are taken in these circumstances.
Need to Evaluate for Comorbid Diagnoses
- Symptomatic treatment of insomnia should be initiated only after careful evaluation of the patient. If insomnia continues after 7 to 10 days of Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules, this may indicate a primary psychiatric and/or medical illness that should be evaluated. Worsening of insomnia or the emergence of new thinking or behavior abnormalities may be the consequence of an unrecognized psychiatric or physical disorder.
Severe Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions
- Cases of angioedema involving the tongue, glottis or larynx have been reported and can be fatal. Patients who develop angioedema after treatment with Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules should not be rechallenged with zolpidem tartrate.
Abnormal Thinking and Behavioral Changes
- Abnormal thinking and behavior changes have been reported in patients treated with zolpidem tartrate immediate-release. Some of these changes included decreased inhibition, bizarre behavior, agitation and depersonalization. Visual and auditory hallucinations have been reported.
Use in Patients with Depression
- In primarily depressed patients treated with sedative-hypnotics, worsening of depression, and suicidal thoughts and actions (including completed suicides), have been reported. Intentional overdosage is more common in this group of patients; therefore, the lowest number of Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules that is feasible should be prescribed for the patient at any one time.
Respiratory Depression
- The risk of respiratory depression should be considered and precautions should be taken if Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules are prescribed to patients with compromised respiratory function or concomitant use with opioids or other CNS depressants.
Precipitation of Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Zolpidem tartrate has been associated with precipitation of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Avoid Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules use in patients with severe hepatic impairment.
Withdrawal Effects
- There have been reports of withdrawal signs and symptoms following the rapid dose decrease or abrupt discontinuation of zolpidem tartrate. Monitor patients for tolerance, abuse, and dependence.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Most commonly observed adverse reactions were headache, drowsiness, dizziness, and diarrhea.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
- Imipramine and Chlorpromazine: Impaired alertness and psychomotor performance observed
- CYP3A4 inducers: Combination use may decrease effect
- CYP3A4 inhibitors: Combination use may increase effect
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
- Pregnancy: May cause respiratory depression and sedation in neonates with exposure late in the third trimester.
- Lactation: A lactating woman may pump and discard breast milk during treatment and for 23 hours after Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules administration.
- Hepatic Impairment: Avoid use.
For additional safety information about Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules, click here for the Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules Full Prescribing Information.
References:
- Zolpidem Tartrate Capsules. Prescribing information. Almatica Pharma LLC; 2023.
- Roth T, Roehrs T, Vogel G. Zolpidem in the treatment of transient insomnia: a double-blind, randomized comparison with placebo. Sleep. 1995;18(4):246-251. (The zolpidem capsules administered during the Roth study are not Almatica products.)